# Photovoltaic Controller: Smart Housekeeper of Photovoltaic System
In the photovoltaic power generation system, the photovoltaic controller is the core hub connecting the solar panel and the storage battery, which can be called the “smart housekeeper” of the system, and its performance directly determines the power generation efficiency and equipment safety.

Its core function is to solve the intermittent and unstable problems of solar power generation. When the light is sufficient, the controller can adjust the charging current and voltage in real time to avoid the battery from being damaged due to overcharge; When the light is weak or electricity is used at night, it can prevent the battery from discharging reversely to the solar panel, stabilize the output voltage and ensure the normal operation of the load equipment.

Nowadays, the mainstream photovoltaic controller mostly adopts PWM (pulse width modulation) or MPPT (maximum power point tracking) technology. Among them, MPPT controller can improve the power generation efficiency by 20%-30% by dynamically tracking the maximum power point of solar panels, which is widely used in home photovoltaics, industrial and commercial power stations and other scenarios.

As the “security guard” of photovoltaic system, photovoltaic controller also has the protection functions such as overload, short circuit and overtemperature, which guarantees the stable and efficient operation of the whole photovoltaic power generation system.